The world is rapidly changing. New technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming our lives and work, redefining the definition of “essential office skills.”

So what essential skills do today’s workers need to thrive in a business world undergoing a major digital transformation? It’s a question that Alan Lerner, director at Toptal and lecturer at the Open Institute of Technology (OPIT), addressed in his recent online masterclass.

In a broad overview of the new office landscape, Lerner shares the essential skills leaders need to manage – including artificial intelligence – to keep abreast of trends.

Here are eight essential capabilities business leaders in the AI era need, according to Lerner, which he also detailed in OPIT’s recent Master’s in Digital Business and Innovation webinar.

An Adapting Professional Environment

Lerner started his discussion by quoting naturalist Charles Darwin.

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”

The quote serves to highlight the level of change that we are currently seeing in the professional world, said Lerner.

According to the World Economic Forum’s The Future of Jobs Report 2025, over the next five years 22% of the labor market will be affected by structural change – including job creation and destruction – and much of that change will be enabled by new technologies such as AI and robotics. They expect the displacement of 92 million existing jobs and the creation of 170 million new jobs by 2030.

While there will be significant growth in frontline jobs – such as delivery drivers, construction workers, and care workers – the fastest-growing jobs will be tech-related roles, including big data specialists, FinTech engineers, and AI and machine learning specialists, while the greatest decline will be in clerical and secretarial roles. The report also predicts that most workers can anticipate that 39% of their existing skill set will be transformed or outdated in five years.

Lerner also highlighted key findings in the Accenture Life Trends 2025 Report, which explores behaviors and attitudes related to business, technology, and social shifts. The report noted five key trends:

• Cost of Hesitation – People are becoming more wary of the information they receive online.
• The Parent Trap – Parents and governments are increasingly concerned with helping the younger generation shape a safe relationship with digital technology.
• Impatience Economy – People are looking for quick solutions over traditional methods to achieve their health and financial goals.
• The Dignity of Work – Employees desire to feel inspired, to be entrusted with agency, and to achieve a work-life balance.
• Social Rewilding – People seek to disconnect and focus on satisfying activities and meaningful interactions.

These are consumer and employee demands representing opportunities for change in the modern business landscape.

Key Capabilities for the AI Era

Businesses are using a variety of strategies to adapt, though not always strategically. According to McClean & Company’s HR Trends Report 2025, 42% of respondents said they are currently implementing AI solutions, but only 7% have a documented AI implementation strategy.

This approach reflects the newness of the technology, with many still unsure of the best way to leverage AI, but also feeling the pressure to adopt and adapt, experiment, and fail forward.

So, what skills do leaders need to lead in an environment with both transformation and uncertainty? Lerner highlighted eight essential capabilities, independent of technology.

Capability 1: Manage Complexity

Leaders need to be able to solve problems and make decisions under fast-changing conditions. This requires:

• Being able to look at and understand organizations as complex social-technical systems
• Keeping a continuous eye on change and adopting an “outside-in” vision of their organization
• Moving fast and fixing things faster
• Embracing digital literacy and technological capabilities

Capability 2: Leverage Networks

Leaders need to develop networks systematically to achieve organizational goals because it is no longer possible to work within silos. Leaders should:

• Use networks to gain insights into complex problems
• Create networks to enhance influence
• Treat networks as mutually rewarding relationships
• Develop a robust profile that can be adapted for different networks

Capability 3: Think and Act “Global”

Leaders should benchmark using global best practices but adapt them to local challenges and the needs of their organization. This requires:

• Identifying what great companies are achieving and seeking data to understand underlying patterns
• Developing perspectives to craft global strategies that incorporate regional and local tactics
• Learning how to navigate culturally complex and nuanced business solutions

Capability 4: Inspire Engagement

Leaders must foster a culture that creates meaningful connections between employees and organizational values. This means:

• Understanding individual values and needs
• Shaping projects and assignments to meet different values and needs
• Fostering an inclusive work environment with plenty of psychological safety
• Developing meaningful conversations and both providing and receiving feedback
• Sharing advice and asking for help when needed

Capability 5: Communicate Strategically

Leaders should develop crisp, clear messaging adaptable to various audiences and focus on active listening. Achieving this involves:

• Creating their communication style and finding their unique voice
• Developing storytelling skills
• Utilizing a data-centric and fact-based approach to communication
• Continual practice and asking for feedback

Capability 6: Foster Innovation

Leaders should collaborate with experts to build a reliable innovation process and a creative environment where new ideas thrive. Essential steps include:

• Developing or enhancing structures that best support innovation
• Documenting and refreshing innovation systems, processes, and practices
• Encouraging people to discover new ways of working
• Aiming to think outside the box and develop a growth mindset
• Trying to be as “tech-savvy” as possible

Capability 7: Cultivate Learning Agility

Leaders should always seek out and learn new things and not be afraid to ask questions. This involves:

• Adopting a lifelong learning mindset
• Seeking opportunities to discover new approaches and skills
• Enhancing problem-solving skills
• Reviewing both successful and unsuccessful case studies

Capability 8: Develop Personal Adaptability

Leaders should be focused on being effective when facing uncertainty and adapting to change with vigor. Therefore, leaders should:

• Be flexible about their approach to facing challenging situations
• Build resilience by effectively managing stress, time, and energy
• Recognize when past approaches do not work in current situations
• Learn from and capitalize on mistakes

Curiosity and Adaptability

With the eight key capabilities in mind, Lerner suggests that curiosity and adaptability are the key skills that everyone needs to thrive in the current environment.

He also advocates for lifelong learning and teaches several key courses at OPIT which can lead to a Bachelor’s Degree in Digital Business.

Source:

• Il Sole 24 Ore, published on April 14th, 2025

Expert Pierluigi Casale analyzes the adoption of AI by companies, the ethical and regulatory challenges and the differentiated approach between large companies and SMEs

By Gianni Rusconi

• Il Sole 24 Ore

There is no question that the spread of artificial intelligence (AI) is having a profound impact on nearly every aspect of our lives.

But is an AI-powered future one to be feared, or does AI offer the promise of a “lucky future.”

That “lucky future” prediction comes from Zorina Alliata, principal AI Strategist at Amazon and AI faculty member at Georgetown University and the Open Institute of Technology (OPIT), in her recent webinar “The Lucky Future: How AI Aims to Change Everything” (February 18, 2025).

However, according to Alliata, such a future depends on how the technology develops and whether strategies can be implemented to mitigate the risks.

How AI Aims to Change Everything

For many people, AI is already changing the way they work. However, more broadly, AI has profoundly impacted how we consume information.

From the curation of a social media feed and the summary answer to a search query from Gemini at the top of your Google results page to the AI-powered chatbot that resolves your customer service issues, AI has quickly and quietly infiltrated nearly every aspect of our lives in the past few years.

While there have been significant concerns recently about the possibly negative impact of AI, Alliata’s “lucky future” prediction takes these fears into account. As she detailed in her webinar, a future with AI will have to take into consideration:

• Where we are currently with AI and future trajectories
• The impact AI is having on the job landscape
• Sustainability concerns and ethical dilemmas
• The fundamental risks associated with current AI technology

According to Alliata, by addressing these risks, we can craft a future in which AI helps individuals better align their needs with potential opportunities and limitations of the new technology.

Industry Applications of AI

While AI has been in development for decades, Alliata describes a period known as the “AI winter” during which educators like herself studied AI technology, but hadn’t arrived at a point of practical applications. Contributing to this period of uncertainty were concerns over how to make AI profitable as well.

That all changed about 10-15 years ago when machine learning (ML) improved significantly. This development led to a surge in the creation of business applications for AI. Beginning with automation and robotics for repetitive tasks, the technology progressed to data analysis – taking a deep dive into data and finding not only new information but new opportunities as well.

This further developed into generative AI capable of completing creative tasks. Generative AI now produces around one billion words per day, compared to the one trillion produced by humans.

We are now at the stage where AI can complete complex tasks involving multiple steps. In her webinar, Alliata gave the example of a team creating storyboards and user pathways for a new app they wanted to develop. Using photos and rough images, they were able to use AI to generate the code for the app, saving hundreds of hours of manpower.

The next step in AI evolution is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), an extremely autonomous level of AI that can replicate or in some cases exceed human intelligence. While the benefits of such technology may readily be obvious to some, the industry itself is divided as to not only whether this form of AI is close at hand or simply unachievable with current tools and technology, but also whether it should be developed at all.

This unpredictability, according to Alliata, represents both the excitement and the concerns about AI.

The AI Revolution and the Job Market

According to Alliata, the job market is the next area where the AI revolution can profoundly impact our lives.

To date, the AI revolution has not resulted in widespread layoffs as initially feared. Instead of making employees redundant, many jobs have evolved to allow them to work alongside AI. In fact, AI has also created new jobs such as AI prompt writer.

However, the prediction is that as AI becomes more sophisticated, it will need less human support, resulting in a greater job churn. Alliata shared statistics from various studies predicting as many as 27% of all jobs being at high risk of becoming redundant from AI and 40% of working hours being impacted by language learning models (LLMs) like Chat GPT.

Furthermore, AI may impact some roles and industries more than others. For example, one study suggests that in high-income countries, 8.5% of jobs held by women were likely to be impacted by potential automation, compared to just 3.9% of jobs held by men.

Is AI Sustainable?

While Alliata shared the many ways in which AI can potentially save businesses time and money, she also highlighted that it is an expensive technology in terms of sustainability.

Conducting AI training and processing puts a heavy strain on central processing units (CPUs), requiring a great deal of energy. According to estimates, Chat GPT 3 alone uses as much electricity per day as 121 U.S. households in an entire year. Gartner predicts that by 2030, AI could consume 3.5% of the world’s electricity.

To reduce the energy requirements, Alliata highlighted potential paths forward in terms of hardware optimization, such as more energy-efficient chips, greater use of renewable energy sources, and algorithm optimization. For example, models that can be applied to a variety of uses based on prompt engineering and parameter-efficient tuning are more energy-efficient than training models from scratch.

Risks of Using Generative AI

While Alliata is clearly an advocate for the benefits of AI, she also highlighted the risks associated with using generative AI, particularly LLMs.

• Uncertainty – While we rely on AI for answers, we aren’t always sure that the answers provided are accurate.
• Hallucinations – Technology designed to answer questions can make up facts when it does not know the answer.
• Copyright – The training of LLMs often uses copyrighted data for training without permission from the creator.
• Bias – Biased data often trains LLMs, and that bias becomes part of the LLM’s programming and production.
• Vulnerability – Users can bypass the original functionality of an LLM and use it for a different purpose.
• Ethical Risks – AI applications pose significant ethical risks, including the creation of deepfakes, the erosion of human creativity, and the aforementioned risks of unemployment.

Mitigating these risks relies on pillars of responsibility for using AI, including value alignment of the application, accountability, transparency, and explainability.

The last one, according to Alliata, is vital on a human level. Imagine you work for a bank using AI to assess loan applications. If a loan is denied, the explanation you give to the customer can’t simply be “Because the AI said so.” There needs to be firm and explainable data behind the reasoning.

OPIT’s Masters in Responsible Artificial Intelligence explores the risks and responsibilities inherent in AI, as well as others.

A Lucky Future

Despite the potential risks, Alliata concludes that AI presents even more opportunities and solutions in the future.

Information overload and decision fatigue are major challenges today. Imagine you want to buy a new car. You have a dozen features you desire, alongside hundreds of options, as well as thousands of websites containing the relevant information. AI can help you cut through the noise and narrow the information down to what you need based on your specific requirements.

Alliata also shared how AI is changing healthcare, allowing patients to understand their health data, make informed choices, and find healthcare professionals who meet their needs.

It is this functionality that can lead to the “lucky future.” Personalized guidance based on an analysis of vast amounts of data means that each person is more likely to make the right decision with the right information at the right time.

Source:

• Agenda Digitale, published on March 28th, 2025

By Zorina Alliata, Professor of Responsible Artificial Intelligence e Digital Business & Innovation at OPIT – Open Institute of Technology

• Agenda Digitale

Source:

• Agenda Digitale, published on March 21st, 2025

By Pierluigi Casale (Associate Professor and Area Chair in AI of OPIT, Open Institute of Technology)

AI is revolutionizing institutions and education, but also our daily lives, improving decision-making and energy efficiency, city management, and personalizing learning. Current choices will determine the future of this technology, which must remain a support for humans and not an uncontrolled substitute.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now at the center of a global debate that touches on regulatory, ethical, geopolitical and applicative aspects. Its evolution, from an experimental technology to an essential tool for analysis and automation, has led to the need for a clear regulatory framework and responsible use.

In my role as an official of the European Parliament, I work on the implementation and oversight of AI systems within the European institutions, contributing to the regulation and management of the challenges that this technology brings. It is important to underline that this article represents only my personal opinion and in no way represents an official position of the European Parliament.

Europe and the regulation of artificial intelligence

Europe is tackling the challenge of regulating AI with the AI ​​Act Regulation, the first comprehensive framework for this instrument. The aim is to find a balance between innovation and the protection of fundamental rights, preventing big tech companies from shaping legislation to their advantage.

• Agenda Digitale

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• Il Sole 24 Ore, published on March 24th, 2025

Just two years after its launch, the online and European-accredited academic institution, whose rector is former minister Francesco Profumo, confirms its growth with over 300 students from 78 countries and an international faculty of excellence.

OPIT (Open Institute of Technology), the European accredited academic institution (www.opit.com), has achieved its first milestone since it entered the higher education market in 2023: 40 students from 6 continents have completed the first master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI, whose classes began in September two years ago.

The graduation ceremony took place at the central Casino Maltese in Valletta, Malta, where OPIT is regularly accredited, in the presence of Francesco Profumo and Riccardo Ocleppo, respectively Rector and founder, the Maltese Minister Clifton Grima (Education, Sport, Youth, Research and Innovation), and Rose Anne Cuschieri, CEO of the MFHEA authority. In addition to the graduates, the guests included some of the internationally renowned professors of the academic institution, such as Pierluigi Casale, Tomislav Vazdar, Art Sedighi and Francesco Derchi.

The students’ thesis projects have developed on innovative topics: the use of large language models for the creation of chatbots in the ed-tech field, the digitalization of customer support processes in the paper and non-woven industry, up to personal data protection systems and the use of Artificial Intelligence for environmental sustainability, predictive models for the prevention of disasters linked to climate change, the fight against money laundering, new perspectives of generative AI in the legal field (with a focus on Italian startups such as Giurimatrix). All of this has also been developed thanks to the launch of strategic collaborations with partner companies such as Neperia, Sintica, Cosmico, Dylog, Buffetti Finance and Hype, demonstrating the concrete approach and strong practical component that characterize the OPIT training experience.

“Today we celebrate the first chapter of a journey that will continue to grow with a consolidation of the current educational offering, new courses, doctoral programs, applied research and increasingly advanced training opportunities. We are only at the beginning, but this day demonstrates that OPIT is already a consolidated reality in the international academic panorama and a point of reference for those who want to be protagonists of the digital future” – declared the Rector Francesco Profumo.

With two degrees already started in September 2023 – a three-year degree in Modern Computer Science and the aforementioned master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI – and four more starting in September 2024 (a three-year degree in Digital Business, and the master’s degrees in Enterprise Cybersecurity, Applied Digital Business and Responsible Artificial Intelligence, which brings the total offer to 6 degrees), today OPIT is a point of reference for those who intend to take on the challenges of a job market increasingly oriented towards artificial intelligence and technology in the broad sense. Entirely in English and online, OPIT is enhanced by a high-profile international teaching staff, coming from leading universities and companies at a global level: 45 professors with international experience in both the academic and business worlds. Many of them have collaborated with Amazon, the European Parliament, NASA, Philips and numerous other leading companies, demonstrating the approach based on excellence that the institution has pursued since its foundation.

As part of the development roadmap, OPIT is completing the evolution of its educational offering. Alongside the training programs already underway, 2025 will also be the year in which the research area will develop, paving the way, in the coming years, for doctoral programs and aligning itself even more with what universities around the world are already doing. In particular, OPIT has already started applied research projects with some companies on the topics on which its teaching is based: AI, computer science, cloud computing and cyber security. This year, a pre-degree Foundation Program will also be introduced, designed to provide solid academic foundations to aspiring students who do not meet the admission requirements for three-year degrees.

• Il Sole 24 Ore

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• La Stampa, published on March 11th, 2025

By Francesco Profumo

Education must therefore change its paradigm: from a system based on the accumulation of knowledge to a process that teaches how to think.

We live in an era in which access to information has become immediate and unlimited. All it takes is an internet search or a question to a virtual assistant to get answers on any topic. Yet, precisely in a world so saturated with data, a crucial challenge for education emerges: it is no longer enough to teach what to know, but it becomes essential to educate in critical thinking, in the ability to discern, connect and, above all, ask the right questions. After Trump’s election as President of the United States, this need to be able to discern between true and false has become even more important and starting to educate the new generations and re-educate the more mature ones along these lines can no longer be postponed over time.

Until a few decades ago, the value of education was linked to the acquisition of knowledge. Studying meant accumulating notions, mastering facts and concepts and then applying them. Today, however, the context has completely changed. Information is available everywhere, often in real time. The problem is no longer finding it, but understanding which is reliable, which has value and which is, instead, the result of distortions or manipulations. This transformation leads us to radically rethink the educational model: school can no longer be a simple place for transmitting knowledge, but must become an environment in which one learns to reason.

To achieve this, we can look at an ancient and ever-present approach: the Socratic method. Socrates did not give answers, but guided his interlocutors in the search for truth through continuous dialogue. With pressing questions, he pushed them to reflect on their beliefs, to question apparent certainties and to build a more solid and profound understanding of reality. This method, based on maieutics, did not simply transmit notions, but developed a mental attitude: the ability to question, to doubt, to explore with a critical spirit. Today, more than ever, we need to recover this attitude. In a world where technology presents us with a continuous flow of information and artificial intelligence promises to answer all our doubts, what really matters is how we formulate our questions. Knowing how to question reality becomes more important than the simple act of receiving an answer. The advent of artificial intelligence is accelerating the need for an education based on reflection and not on the mere acquisition of data. AI systems can generate texts, solve problems, propose analyses. But those who learn to use them without developing critical thinking risk becoming passive users, unable to distinguish between what is true and what is manipulated, between what is useful and what is irrelevant.

For this reason, the school of the future should transform itself into a laboratory of thought, where students are no longer evaluated only on the basis of the answers they provide, but on the quality of the questions they are able to ask. An education based on the Socratic method could be expressed through lessons focused on comparison, on the critical analysis of sources, on discussions that push students to defend or question different positions. Let’s imagine a classroom in which students do not limit themselves to studying notions, but are guided to explore a topic through open and challenging questions. Instead of explaining a phenomenon, the teacher could start a discussion, encouraging students to think about its causes, its implications, and its connections with other disciplines. Artificial intelligence could also become an active learning tool: not as a simple provider of answers, but as an interlocutor to interact with, to whom to submit increasingly sophisticated questions, experimenting with how the quality of interaction depends on the ability to formulate complex and well-structured questions.

Education must therefore change its paradigm: from a system based on the accumulation of knowledge to a process that teaches how to think. We must train students who are capable of navigating knowledge, not just storing it. In a future where work itself will be increasingly based on the ability to innovate, connect ideas and solve complex problems, these skills will be essential. The great educational challenge of the coming years will no longer be to teach notions, but to cultivate the ability to question the world. The question we must ask ourselves today is not only what we must teach our children, but how we can educate them to think critically and creatively. If we want the new generations to be truly ready to face the era of artificial intelligence, we must offer them something that no machine will ever be able to replace: the ability to ask questions that matter.

• La Stampa

Source:

• Avvenire, published on March 20th, 2025

Diploma to the first 40 students of OPIT, Open Institute of Technology. Rector Profumo: “It is the first chapter of a path of continuous growth with new courses”

First graduates from OPIT (Open Institute of Technology), an exclusively online academic institution accredited at European level based in the Maltese capital Valletta. At the end of a study program that began in September 2023, 40 students from 6 continents have obtained a master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI. The topics chosen for the theses are innovative: use of large language models for the creation of chatbots in the ed-tech field, digitalization of customer support processes in the paper and non-woven fabric industry, up to personal data protection systems and the use of Artificial Intelligence for environmental sustainability, predictive models for the prevention of disasters linked to climate change, fight against money laundering, new perspectives of generative AI in the legal field (with a focus on Italian startups such as Giurimatrix). The theses were also developed in collaboration with partner companies such as Neperia, Sintica, Cosmico, Dylog, Buffetti Finance and Hype.

“With these 40 graduates we celebrate the first chapter of a path that will continue to grow with a consolidation of the current educational offering, new courses, doctoral programs, applied research and increasingly advanced training opportunities”, underlines the rector of OPIT, Francesco Profumo.

OPIT currently offers six degree courses (a three-year degree in Modern Computer Science, a master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI, a three-year degree in Digital Business and the master’s degrees in Enterprise Cybersecurity, Digital Business and Innovation and Responsible Artificial Intelligence), with a total catchment area of ​​over 300 students from 78 countries and 6 continents, with an average age of 35. 80% of the enrolled population is represented by working students, destined to double based on projections on the number of students enrolled in degrees starting in 2025. This year, moreover, the research area will also develop, paving the way, in the coming years, for doctoral programs and aligning itself even more with what universities around the world already do.

“The success of this first class of graduates represents a significant milestone for OPIT and confirms our mission: to offer a high-level technological education, accessible globally and able to concretely respond to the needs of a constantly evolving job market”, recalls Riccardo Ocleppo, founder of OPIT.

• Avvenire