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Agenda Digitale: The Five Pillars of the Cloud According to NIST – A Compass for Businesses and Public Administrations

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By Lokesh Vij, Professor of Cloud Computing Infrastructure, Cloud Development, Cloud Computing Automation and Ops and Cloud Data Stacks at OPIT – Open Institute of Technology

NIST identifies five key characteristics of cloud computing: on-demand self-service, network access, resource pooling, elasticity, and metered service. These pillars explain the success of the global cloud market of 912 billion in 2025

In less than twenty years, the cloud has gone from a curiosity to an indispensable infrastructure. According to Precedence Research, the global market will reach 912 billion dollars in 2025 and will exceed 5.1 trillion in 2034. In Europe, the expected spending for 2025 will be almost 202 billion dollars. At the base of this success are five characteristics, identified by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology): on-demand self-service, network access, shared resource pool, elasticity and measured service.

Understanding them means understanding why the cloud is the engine of digital transformation.

On-demand self-service: instant provisioning

The journey through the five pillars starts with the ability to put IT in the hands of users.

Without instant provisioning, the other benefits of the cloud remain potential. Users can turn resources on and off with a click or via API, without tickets or waiting. Provisioning a VM, database, or Kubernetes cluster takes seconds, not weeks, reducing time to market and encouraging continuous experimentation. A DevOps team that releases microservices multiple times a day or a fintech that tests dozens of credit-scoring models in parallel benefit from this immediacy. In OPIT labs, students create complete Kubernetes environments in two minutes, run load tests, and tear them down as soon as they’re done, paying only for the actual minutes.

Similarly, a biomedical research group can temporarily allocate hundreds of GPUs to train a deep-learning model and release them immediately afterwards, without tying up capital in hardware that will age rapidly. This flexibility allows the user to adapt resources to their needs in real time. There are no hard and fast constraints: you can activate a single machine and deactivate it when it is no longer needed, or start dozens of extra instances for a limited time and then release them. You only pay for what you actually use, without waste.

Wide network access: applications that follow the user everywhere

Once access to resources is made instantaneous, it is necessary to ensure that these resources are accessible from any location and device, maintaining a uniform user experience. The cloud lives on the network and guarantees ubiquity and independence from the device.

A web app based on HTTP/S can be used from a laptop, tablet or smartphone, without the user knowing where the containers are running. Geographic transparency allows for multi-channel strategies: you start a purchase on your phone and complete it on your desktop without interruptions. For the PA, this means providing digital identities everywhere, for the private sector, offering 24/7 customer service.

Broad access moves security from the physical perimeter to the digital identity and introduces zero-trust architecture, where every request is authenticated and authorized regardless of the user’s location.

All you need is a network connection to use the resources: from the office, from home or on the move, from computers and mobile devices. Access is independent of the platform used and occurs via standard web protocols and interfaces, ensuring interoperability.

Shared Resource Pools: The Economy of Scale of Multi-Tenancy

Ubiquitous access would be prohibitive without a sustainable economic model. This is where infrastructure sharing comes in.

The cloud provider’s infrastructure aggregates and shares computational resources among multiple users according to a multi-tenant model. The economies of scale of hyperscale data centers reduce costs and emissions, putting cutting-edge technologies within the reach of startups and SMBs.

Pooling centralizes patching, security, and capacity planning, freeing IT teams from repetitive tasks and reducing the company’s carbon footprint. Providers reinvest energy savings in next-generation hardware and immersion cooling research programs, amplifying the collective benefit.

Rapid Elasticity: Scaling at the Speed ​​of Business

Sharing resources is only effective if their allocation follows business demand in real time. With elasticity, the infrastructure expands or reduces resources in minutes following the load. The system behaves like a rubber band: if more power or more instances are needed to deal with a traffic spike, it automatically scales in real time; when demand drops, the additional resources are deactivated just as quickly.

This flexibility seems to offer unlimited resources. In practice, a company no longer has to buy excess servers to cover peaks in demand (which would remain unused during periods of low activity), but can obtain additional capacity from the cloud only when needed. The economic advantage is considerable: large initial investments are avoided and only the capacity actually used during peak periods is paid for.

In the OPIT cloud automation lab, students simulate a streaming platform that creates new Kubernetes pods as viewers increase and deletes them when the audience drops: a concrete example of balancing user experience and cost control. The effect is twofold: the user does not suffer slowdowns and the company avoids tying up capital in underutilized servers.

Metered Service: Transparency and Cost Governance

The dynamic scale generated by elasticity requires precise visibility into consumption and expenses : without measurement there is no governance. Metering makes every second of CPU, every gigabyte and every API call visible. Every consumption parameter is tracked and made available in transparent reports.

This data enables pay-per-use pricing , i.e. charges proportional to actual usage. For the customer, this translates into variable costs: you only pay for the resources actually consumed. Transparency helps you plan your budget: thanks to real-time data, it is easier to optimize expenses, for example by turning off unused resources. This eliminates unnecessary fixed costs, encouraging efficient use of resources.

The systemic value of the five pillars

When the five pillars work together, the effect is multiplier . Self-service and elasticity enable rapid response to workload changes, increasing or decreasing resources in real time, and fuel continuous experimentation; ubiquitous access and pooling provide global scalability; measurement ensures economic and environmental sustainability.

It is no surprise that the Italian market will grow from $12.4 billion in 2025 to $31.7 billion in 2030 with a CAGR of 20.6%. Manufacturers and retailers are migrating mission-critical loads to cloud-native platforms , gaining real-time data insights and reducing time to value .

From the laboratory to the business strategy

From theory to practice: the NIST pillars become a compass for the digital transformation of companies and Public Administration. In the classroom, we start with concrete exercises – such as the stress test of a video platform – to demonstrate the real impact of the five pillars on performance, costs and environmental KPIs.

The same approach can guide CIOs and innovators: if processes, governance and culture embody self-service, ubiquity, pooling, elasticity and measurement, the organization is ready to capture the full value of the cloud. Otherwise, it is necessary to recalibrate the strategy by investing in training, pilot projects and partnerships with providers. The NIST pillars thus confirm themselves not only as a classification model, but as the toolbox with which to build data-driven and sustainable enterprises.

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OPIT – Open Institute of Technology offers an innovative and exciting way to learn about technology. It offers a range of bachelor’s and master’s programs, plus a Foundation Year program for those taking the first steps towards higher education. Through its blend of instruction-based and independent learning, it empowers ambitious minds with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed.

This guide covers all you need to know to join OPIT and start your educational journey.

Introducing the Open Institute of Technology

Before we dig into the nitty-gritty of the OPIT application process, here’s a brief introduction to OPIT.

OPIT is a fully accredited Higher Education Institution under the European Qualification Framework (EQF) and the MFHEA Authority. It offers exclusively online education in English to an international community of students. With a winning team of top professors and a specific focus on computer science, it trains the technology leaders of tomorrow.

Some of the unique elements that characterize OPIT’s approach include:

  • No final exams. Instead, students undergo progressive assessments over time
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  • 24/7 support, including AI assistance and student communities, so everyone feels supported
  • A strong network of company connections, unlocking doors for graduates

Reasons to Join OPIT

There are many reasons for ambitious students and aspiring tech professionals to study with OPIT.

Firstly, since all the study takes place online, it’s a very flexible and pleasant way to learn. Students don’t feel the usual pressures or suffer the same constraints they would at a physical college or university. They can attend from anywhere, including their own homes, and study at a pace that suits them.

OPIT is also a specialist in the technology field. It only offers courses focused on tech and computer science, with a team of professors and tutors who lead the way in these topics. This ensures that students get high-caliber learning opportunities in this specific sector.

Learning at OPIT is also hands-on and applicable to real-world situations, despite taking place online. Students are not just taught core skills and knowledge, but are also shown how to apply those skills and knowledge in their future careers.

In addition, OPIT strives to make technology education as accessible, inclusive, and affordable as possible. Entry requirements are relatively relaxed, fees are fair, and students from around the world are welcome here.

What You Need to Know About Joining OPIT

Now you know why it’s worth joining OPIT, let’s take a closer look at how to go about it. The following sections will cover how to apply to OPIT, entry requirements, and fees.

The OPIT Application Process

Unsurprisingly for an online-only institution, the application process for OPIT is all online, too. Users can submit the relevant documents and information on their computers from the comfort of their homes.

  1. Visit the official OPIT site and click the “Apply now” button to get started, filling out the relevant forms.
  2. Upload your supporting documents. These can include your CV, as well as certificates to prove your past educational accomplishments and level of English.
  3. Take part in an interview. This should last no more than 30 minutes. It’s a chance for you to talk about your ambitions and background, and to ask questions you might have about OPIT.

That’s it. Once you complete the above steps, you will be admitted to your chosen course and can start enjoying OPIT education once the first term begins. You’ll need to sign your admissions contract and pay the relevant fees, then begin classes.

Entry Requirements for OPIT Courses

OPIT offers a small curated collection of courses, each with its own requirements. You can consult the relevant pages on the official OPIT site to find out the exact details.

For the Foundation Program, for example, you simply need an MQF/EQF Level 3 or equivalent qualification. You also need to demonstrate a minimum B2 level of English comprehension.

For the BSc in Digital Business, applicants should have a higher secondary school leaving certificate, plus B2-level English comprehension. You can also support your application with a credit transfer from previous studies or relevant work experience.

Overall, the requirements are simple, and it’s most important for applicants to be ambitious and eager to build successful careers in the world of technology. Those who are driven and committed will get the best from OPIT’s instruction.

Fees and Flexible Payments at OPIT

As mentioned above, OPIT makes technological education accessible and affordable for all. Its tuition fees cover all relevant teaching materials, and there are no hidden costs or extras. The institute also offers flexible payment options for those with different budgets.

Again, exact fees vary depending on which course you want to take, so it’s important to consult the specific info for each one. You can pay in advance to enjoy 10% off the final cost, or refer a friend to also obtain a discount.

In addition to this, OPIT offers need-based and merit-based scholarships. Successful candidates can obtain discounts of up to 40% on bachelor’s and master’s tuition fees. This can substantially bring the term cost of each program down, making OPIT education even more accessible.

Credit Transfers and Experience

Those who are entering OPIT with pre-existing work experience or relevant academic achievements can benefit from the credit transfer program. This allows you to potentially skip certain modules or even entire semesters if you already have relevant experience in those fields.

OPIT is flexible and fair in terms of recognizing prior learning. So, as long as you can prove your credentials and experience, this could be a beneficial option for you. The easiest way to find out more and get started is to email the OPIT team directly.

Join OPIT Today

Overall, the process to join OPIT is designed to be as easy and stress-free as possible. Everything from the initial application forms to the interview and admission process is straightforward. Requirements and fees are flexible, so people in different situations and from different backgrounds can get the education they want. Reach out to OPIT today to take your first steps to tech success.

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The Foundation Year Program at the Open Institute of Technology: All You Need to Know
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With the proliferation of the internet, the rise of smart devices, and the emergence of AI, the world has become increasingly technological. Unsurprisingly, then, many young and ambitious minds are eager to engage with technology on a professional scale, planning careers in the field. But to succeed in the complex, evolving world of tech, it helps to have a strong foundation of core skills.

That’s where the Foundation Year Program at the Open Institute of Technology (OPIT) comes into play. This program gives students the knowledge and skills they need to succeed. Covering digital business, computer science, mathematics, and other important topics, it prepares tech leaders of tomorrow for the next steps in their development.

Introducing OPIT

The Open Institute of Technology is a fully accredited Higher Education Institution under the European Qualification Framework (EQF) and the MFHEA Authority. It offers both bachelor’s and master’s degrees, in addition to the Foundation Program. OPIT’s mission is to provide high-quality, inclusive, and affordable technology education.

The institute distinguishes itself from other educational establishments as follows:

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Learning Methodology for the OPIT Foundation Year

Technology is a rapidly evolving field. However, higher education in technology has stagnated somewhat. That was the view of Riccardo Ocieppo, and it was the reason he founded OPIT. He wanted to provide an innovative, online, and international institution to prepare students for careers in technology in the best ways possible.

OPIT delivers on this mission through an innovative approach to learning. This approach is centered around competence-based teaching. In other words, OPIT not only teaches students foundational skills but also demonstrates the practical, real-world applications of those skills.

In addition, despite being entirely online, the Foundation Program aims to foster a sense of community. Students have continuous access to their peers, tutors, and professors. This way, they always feel part of a team, and they never feel cut off or isolated from their educational community.

An Overview of the Foundation Program

The Foundation Program is OPIT’s sole pre-bachelor program. As its name implies, it focuses on foundational knowledge and skills. It equips students with the education they need to springboard onwards into further education, like a bachelor’s degree. This is invaluable, as too many students have the drive to begin degrees in technology, but lack the required MQF or EQF Level 4 qualification.

The Foundation Program provides a pathway for students in that situation and others. It eases their entry into the professional technological world. Core aims of the program include:

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  • Creation of an EQF Level 4-tier academic base, so students can proceed into a bachelor’s degree

The Foundation Program lasts for six months and is fully online. It is comprised of two terms, lasting 13 weeks each. Students complete three courses per term, each worth 10 ECTS credits, for a total of 60 credits.

The instruction is delivered in several formats. These include video lectures, learning materials such as e-books, and weekly live sessions. Students must also complete two to three assessments during the course. These, too, can take multiple formats, like tests, essays, and projects.

By the end of the course, students will have a stronger understanding of technology. They will also have gained or improved upon numerous essential skills needed to move on with their education. They will be better prepared to succeed, no matter which direction they choose to follow next.

Student Support Systems

To ensure no student feels isolated or lacking assistance, OPIT offers a strong support system.

For example, the institute’s professors regularly check in with students, answer queries, and provide vital guidance. OPIT also provides an AI assistant that has been specially trained to help students succeed. The OPIT AI Copilot answers questions instantly, finds resources, sums up complex topics, and more. Students can also chat with one another over Slack, so no one will ever feel alone.

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The OPIT Foundation Program is all about preparation. It’s about getting students ready for the next steps, and it unlocks a lot of doors. For those who haven’t got a formal Level 4 qualification, for example, the Foundation Program creates a path to bachelor’s degrees. It lets students move on to a BSc in Digital Business or a BSc in Modern Computer Science, for example.

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The OPIT Foundation Program breaks the barriers that have prevented ambitious technology enthusiasts from pursuing their dreams. In this exciting sphere, it leads the way towards higher education and gives students the knowledge they need to succeed. It is the ideal way to begin your journey towards a long and fulfilling career in technology.

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